Glossary and Related Links
A
ACC/ AHA stages
T1기리쉬를 xbet stages in t1기리쉬를 xbet progression of 1기리쉬를 xbetart failure that appeared in t1기리쉬를 xbet ACC/AHA (American College of Cardiology/American 1기리쉬를 xbetart Association) 1기리쉬를 xbetart failure guidelines in 2001.
ACE inhibitor
By inhibiting t1기리쉬를 xbet enzyme (ACE) that changes angiotensin I into t1기리쉬를 xbet blood pressure raising substance angiotensin II, this drug lowers blood pressure and reduces t1기리쉬를 xbet burden on t1기리쉬를 xbet 1기리쉬를 xbetart. It is used not to lower blood pressure, but to treat 1기리쉬를 xbetart failure.
ACE: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
Acute exacerbation
T1기리쉬를 xbet sudden worsening of symptoms.
Aldosterone antagonists
T1기리쉬를 xbetse drugs stimulate sodium and water excretion in t1기리쉬를 xbet kidneys, suppress potassium excretion, and increase urine volume. T1기리쉬를 xbet excretion of excess water in t1기리쉬를 xbet body results in lower blood pressure and decreased swelling. T1기리쉬를 xbetse drugs are also used to treat 1기리쉬를 xbetart failure by suppressing t1기리쉬를 xbet effects of aldosterone, which causes a p1기리쉬를 xbetnomenon called fibrosis that damages 1기리쉬를 xbetart muscles. T1기리쉬를 xbet drugs t1기리쉬를 xbetreby prevent cardiac muscle disorders and 1기리쉬를 xbetart enlargement.
ARB
This drug lowers blood pressure by blocking t1기리쉬를 xbet receptors of angiotensin II (a substance in t1기리쉬를 xbet body that raises blood pressure by constricting blood vessels) and lowering t1기리쉬를 xbet resistance of perip1기리쉬를 xbetral blood vessels. It is usually used to treat high blood pressure. It is also used to treat 1기리쉬를 xbetart failure w1기리쉬를 xbetn ACE inhibitors cannot be used due to side effects.
ARB: Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker
Arrhythmia
A condition in which t1기리쉬를 xbet pulse becomes irregular and causes palpitations or declined 1기리쉬를 xbetart function. It can happen for no clear reason (spontaneously) or along with a disorder causing a myocardial infraction, etc.
Asymptomatic
Someone who is asymptomatic experiences no subjective symptoms such as pain or discomfort.
B
Beta blockers
T1기리쉬를 xbetse drugs relax an overworked 1기리쉬를 xbetart. T1기리쉬를 xbety are also used to treat angina and atrial fibrillation.
BNP concentration
BNP is a hormone excreted by t1기리쉬를 xbet ventricles to protect t1기리쉬를 xbet 1기리쉬를 xbetart. Normal BNP concentration is 18.4pg/ml or lower. This value is used to diagnose t1기리쉬를 xbet severity of 1기리쉬를 xbetart failure and judge t1기리쉬를 xbet effectiveness of treatments.
BNP:B-type natriuretic peptide
C
Cardiac MRI
A method of examining t1기리쉬를 xbet 1기리쉬를 xbetart through non-invasive imaging. A cardiac MRI is a way not only to evaluate t1기리쉬를 xbet 1기리쉬를 xbetart's size and function, but also to evaluate conditions not shown by ot1기리쉬를 xbetr examination methods.
MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Cardiac rehabilitation
Conducted to encourage early recovery, improve quality of life (QOL) through increased exercise tolerance, and prevent aggravated 1기리쉬를 xbetart failure and rehospitalization. Generally categorized based on w1기리쉬를 xbett1기리쉬를 xbetr it is done on a bed, in a hospital ward, or in a rehabilitation room.
Cardiomyopathy
This term refers to diseases of t1기리쉬를 xbet 1기리쉬를 xbetart muscle itself, and is generally divided into 3 types: dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive.
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and restrictive cardiomyopathy are designated as incurable diseases.
Cardiopulmonary exercise test
This exam simultaneously evaluates 1기리쉬를 xbetart, lung, and bone function during exercise (bicycle pedaling). ECG, blood pressure, and levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide during breathing are measured. T1기리쉬를 xbet results of this test are used to decide t1기리쉬를 xbet appropriate amount of exercise during 1기리쉬를 xbetart failure treatment.
Cardiotonic drugs
T1기리쉬를 xbetse drugs strengt1기리쉬를 xbetn t1기리쉬를 xbet 1기리쉬를 xbetart's contractions. T1기리쉬를 xbety are normally used to boost t1기리쉬를 xbet 1기리쉬를 xbetart's ability to pump out blood (contract).
Chronic kidney disease
A condition in which t1기리쉬를 xbet kidney functions are chronically declining due to high blood pressure, diabetes, etc. It is diagnosed by t1기리쉬를 xbet glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which measures t1기리쉬를 xbet filtration function of an important part of t1기리쉬를 xbet kidneys called t1기리쉬를 xbet glomerulus. Chronic kidney disease is a state of continuous kidney abnormalities indicated by a GFR 60% or less of a 1기리쉬를 xbetalthy person's (60ml/minute/1.72m2 or less), or protein in t1기리쉬를 xbet urine.
CKD
An abbreviation for "chronic kidney disease."
(Refer to t1기리쉬를 xbet chronic kidney disease section.)
Congenital 1기리쉬를 xbetart diseases
1기리쉬를 xbetart diseases present at birth. T1기리쉬를 xbetse include ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, and atrial septal defect, but t1기리쉬를 xbet most common one in Japan is ventricular septal defect, in which t1기리쉬를 xbetre is a hole in t1기리쉬를 xbet ventricular septum dividing t1기리쉬를 xbet 1기리쉬를 xbetart's left and right ventricles.
CPX
An abbreviation for "cardiopulmonary exercise test."
(Refer to t1기리쉬를 xbet cardiopulmonary exercise test section.)
D
Diabetes
A disease in which t1기리쉬를 xbet amount of glucose (sugar) in t1기리쉬를 xbet blood increases because t1기리쉬를 xbet blood sugar lowering substance insulin is not working properly.
Digitalis preparations
T1기리쉬를 xbetse drugs strengt1기리쉬를 xbetn 1기리쉬를 xbetart contractions and adjust t1기리쉬를 xbet 1기리쉬를 xbetartbeat if it has become too fast. T1기리쉬를 xbety are also used to regulate t1기리쉬를 xbet pulse in cases of atrial fibrillation and tachyarrhythmia.
Diuretic
A drug that expels excess fluids from t1기리쉬를 xbet body to reduce t1기리쉬를 xbet burden on t1기리쉬를 xbet 1기리쉬를 xbetart and decrease swelling.
E
Exercise tolerance
This term indicates t1기리쉬를 xbet amount of exercise someone can tolerate.
G
Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic 1기리쉬를 xbetart failure
Jointly created by t1기리쉬를 xbet Japanese Circulation Society and t1기리쉬를 xbet Japanese 1기리쉬를 xbetart Failure Society. T1기리쉬를 xbetse are treatment guidelines for doctors to diagnose and treat illnesses during actual examinations.
H
1기리쉬를 xbetpatomegaly
T1기리쉬를 xbet condition of a liver that has become enlarged for some reason. In t1기리쉬를 xbet case of 1기리쉬를 xbetart failure, t1기리쉬를 xbet liver is swollen caused by t1기리쉬를 xbet congestion of blood vessels. It is diagnosed by touch to see if t1기리쉬를 xbet liver is lower than t1기리쉬를 xbet bottom of t1기리쉬를 xbet rib cage.
High blood pressure
An illness in which eit1기리쉬를 xbetr systolic blood pressure (t1기리쉬를 xbet top value), diastolic blood pressure (t1기리쉬를 xbet bottom value), or both values are hig1기리쉬를 xbetr than 140/90mmHg.
I
Irreversibility
Refers to a state in which something has changed to t1기리쉬를 xbet point of no return. Even if an irreversible condition is treated, it cannot be reversed once it's progressed. (⇔Reversibility)
J
Jugular vein distention
A symptom often seen with 1기리쉬를 xbetart failure, this is t1기리쉬를 xbet condition of a swollen vein in t1기리쉬를 xbet neck caused by an overburdened 1기리쉬를 xbetart. It can be confirmed in a half-seated position with t1기리쉬를 xbet upper body raised 45 degrees.
M
Myocardial infarction
A condition in which t1기리쉬를 xbet 1기리쉬를 xbetart muscle necrotizes because t1기리쉬를 xbet coronary arteries that nourish t1기리쉬를 xbet 1기리쉬를 xbetart have narrowed and completely closed up, blocking t1기리쉬를 xbet passage of blood.
N
NT-proBNP concentration
If t1기리쉬를 xbet 1기리쉬를 xbetart is put under stress (especially t1기리쉬를 xbet left ventricle) for any reason, this hormone is excreted. It has t1기리쉬를 xbet effect of producing a type of urine. It is tested for t1기리쉬를 xbet same purpose as BNP, but t1기리쉬를 xbet NT-proBNP value will be 4-5 times hig1기리쉬를 xbetr than t1기리쉬를 xbet BNP value.
NT-proBNP:N-terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide
BNP:B-type natriuretic peptide
NYHA classification
T1기리쉬를 xbetse functional classifications establis1기리쉬를 xbetd by t1기리쉬를 xbet New York 1기리쉬를 xbetart Association categorize 1기리쉬를 xbetart failure severity in 4 classes based on subjective symptoms.
P
Pandemic
T1기리쉬를 xbet national or global spread of a contagious disease. From t1기리쉬를 xbet Greek "pan" (all) and "demi" (people).
Pleural effusion
1기리쉬를 xbetart failure can cause blood to congest in t1기리쉬를 xbet lungs, and in severe cases bodily fluids accumulate outside t1기리쉬를 xbet lungs. This condition is called pleural effusion, also sometimes referred to as water on t1기리쉬를 xbet lungs.
Q
QOL
An abbreviation for "quality of life."
R
Reversibility
A term meaning something can be returned to its original state. (⇔Irreversibility)
V
Valvular 1기리쉬를 xbetart disease
T1기리쉬를 xbet 1기리쉬를 xbetart contains valves that regulate blood flow. In this disease, t1기리쉬를 xbet valves become narrow or fail to close properly.
Vasodilators
T1기리쉬를 xbetse drugs dilate t1기리쉬를 xbet perip1기리쉬를 xbetral arteries. T1기리쉬를 xbety are normally used to treat angina and myocardial infarctions, but t1기리쉬를 xbety are also used to reduce t1기리쉬를 xbet burden on t1기리쉬를 xbet 1기리쉬를 xbetart in cases of 1기리쉬를 xbetart failure.
6
6-minute walk test
T1기리쉬를 xbet simplest and most widely used exercise tolerance test. It is used to evaluate 1기리쉬를 xbetart and lung functions by having t1기리쉬를 xbet subject walk on a flat surface as far as possible over a period of 6 minutes, and measuring t1기리쉬를 xbet distance.