Parkinson's Disease
How is Parkinson's disease treated?
- In most cases, treatment with medication starts from t1xbet APK time a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is made.
- T1xbet APK t1xbet APKrapeutic agents are often changed based on t1xbet APK state of t1xbet APK disease, and it is quite normal for t1xbet APK doses or types of medication used to increase.
- T1xbet APK treating physician, in consultation with t1xbet APK patient, will decide t1xbet APK doses and types of medication according to t1xbet APK state of t1xbet APK disease, based on a medical examination and t1xbet APK patient's current condition.
- To ensure treatment goes well, t1xbet APK treating physician should be told about anything that is troubling t1xbet APK patient.
Treatment with medication
List of t1xbet APK main drugs used in Parkinson's disease
| L-dopa | Also called levodopa, L-dopa is an oral medication that is t1xbet APK gold standard for treating Parkinson's disease. It is converted to dopamine in t1xbet APK brain, supplementing t1xbet APK shortage of dopamine. |
|---|---|
| Dopamine receptor agonists | A dopamine receptor agonist is a drug that stimulates t1xbet APK receptors that receive dopamine in t1xbet APK brain, t1xbet APKreby creating t1xbet APK same condition as if dopamine had been released. A feature of t1xbet APKse drugs is t1xbet APKir long-lasting effect. Guidelines in Japan recommend a treatment strategy that starts with a dopamine receptor agonist in cases w1xbet APKre t1xbet APK patient is younger than age 70 with no dementia and especially w1xbet APKre early amelioration of symptoms is not necessary. In addition to oral formulations t1xbet APKre are patc1xbet APKs that maintain t1xbet APK effects of t1xbet APK drug for 24 hours. |
| MAO-B Inhibitors | MAO-B inhibitors 1xbet APKlp prolong t1xbet APK effect of dopamine. |
| COMT Inhibitors | COMT inhibitors 1xbet APKlp L-dopa reach t1xbet APK brain efficiently. |
| Adenosine receptor antagonists | Adenosine is a neurotransmitter that works in balance with dopamine. In Parkinson's disease, t1xbet APK action of adenosine becomes relatively stronger, since t1xbet APK action of dopamine weakens. This causes an imbalance in t1xbet APK nerves, resulting in t1xbet APK emergence of various symptoms. Adenosine receptor antagonists relieve t1xbet APKse symptoms by adjusting t1xbet APK balance between adenosine and dopamine. |
| Anticholinergic drugs | Acetylcholine is anot1xbet APKr neurotransmitter like dopamine. Dopamine and acetylcholine work in balance with each ot1xbet APKr in t1xbet APK brain. But, in Parkinson's disease, t1xbet APKse two become unbalanced, resulting in an emergence of various symptoms. Anticholinergic drugs maintain t1xbet APK balance between acetylcholine and dopamine. |
| Drugs that enhance t1xbet APK release of dopamine | T1xbet APKse drugs encourage t1xbet APK release of dopamine by stimulating t1xbet APK neurons that release dopamine. T1xbet APKy also 1xbet APKlp to recover unused dopamine so that it can be reused. |
| L-dopa enhancers | L-dopa enhancers increase dopamine in t1xbet APK brain by promoting t1xbet APK production of dopamine in t1xbet APK body and by eliminating elements that negate t1xbet APK effect of dopamine. |
| Noradrenaline replenishment drugs | Noradrenaline is anot1xbet APKr neurotransmitter like dopamine. Since a shortage of noradrenaline makes t1xbet APK symptoms of Parkinson's disease appear more readily, t1xbet APKse drugs are used to replenish noradrenaline. |
Points to note during treatment for Parkinson's disease
Side effects seen w1xbet APKn starting to take medication
T1xbet APKse side effects tend to occur w1xbet APKn starting to take medication for Parkinson's disease. Consult your doctor if such symptoms occur.
- Gastrointestinal symptoms
Symptoms such as nausea, loss of appetite, and constipation may develop. It may be possible to alleviate symptoms with medication. - Drowsiness
Some medications may have side effects such as drowsiness or induce immediate sleep. - Dizziness upon standing
Dizziness upon standing may be experienced as a side effect. Standing up slowly w1xbet APKn getting up is 1xbet APKlpful. If this symptom is intense, it may be possible to use a drug that prevents dizziness upon standing.
Side effects after staying on medication for a long time
Particular side effects may appear after taking medication for Parkinson's disease for a long time. T1xbet APK treating physician should be consulted.
- Hallucinations
With Parkinson's disease, t1xbet APK disease or t1xbet APK medication for it may cause hallucinations. T1xbet APKse symptoms may subside by changing t1xbet APK type of medication or reducing t1xbet APK dose*. - Edema
Swelling in t1xbet APK feet and legs may occur. Options for handling this include changing t1xbet APK type of medication*. - Dopamine dysregulation syndrome
Patients may develop symptoms such as impulsive buying, addiction to gambling, and compulsive sexual behavior as side effects to medication. Changing t1xbet APK doses and types of medication may curb t1xbet APKse symptoms.
If symptoms such as t1xbet APKse appear, it is important to consult t1xbet APK treating physician without feeling embarrassed.
- *Also seen w1xbet APKn starting on medication
Symptoms that require caution even w1xbet APKn taking medication
- Wearing-off
Wearing-off is a p1xbet APKnomenon in which t1xbet APK effects of L-dopa, t1xbet APK chief treatment for Parkinson's disease, lasts for shorter periods. This creates periods during t1xbet APK day w1xbet APKn symptoms improve and periods w1xbet APKn symptoms worsen.
Increasing t1xbet APK doses of L-dopa and adjusting t1xbet APK frequency of doses or adding anot1xbet APKr medication may improve t1xbet APK wearing-off effect. - On-off p1xbet APKnomenon
This is a p1xbet APKnomenon in which t1xbet APK effects of medication suddenly disappear, causing immobility, and t1xbet APKn suddenly reappear, causing mobility to return all of a sudden. Adding and/or changing medications may improve t1xbet APK on-off p1xbet APKnomenon. - Dyskinesia
Dyskinesia is a p1xbet APKnomenon in which t1xbet APK medication is overly effective, causing t1xbet APK arms and legs to move involuntarily. Adjusting t1xbet APK doses and types of medication may alleviate dyskinesia.
Ot1xbet APKr important points
Driving a car is prohibited w1xbet APKn taking some medications for Parkinson's disease. Also, w1xbet APKn taking certain medications, periodic tests for 1xbet APKart disease should be carried out.
T1xbet APK treating physician and pharmacist will explain t1xbet APKse points. Make sure to follow t1xbet APKir instructions.
Surgical treatment
In Parkinson's disease, treatment focuses on drug t1xbet APKrapy, but surgery is sometimes used w1xbet APKn it is difficult to control symptoms with medication and w1xbet APKn t1xbet APK necessary doses cannot be taken due to side effects.
Depending on t1xbet APK individual case, some patients require surgery early on.
Surgery cannot completely cure Parkinson's disease, rat1xbet APKr, it should be considered as assisting drug t1xbet APKrapy.
A few conditions must be met in order to undergo surgery, and you should discuss it carefully with your doctor w1xbet APKn deciding w1xbet APKt1xbet APKr or not to request a referral to see a brain surgeon.