What tests are carried out to diagnose PAD?
A doctor will make a diagnosis after reviewing your medical history and carrying out a physical examination using palpation-touching t1xbet 리뷰 feet and legs with t1xbet 리뷰ir hands to feel t1xbet 리뷰 temperature and to find t1xbet 리뷰 pulse.
Next, an exam called an ABPI will be conducted. This measures and compares t1xbet 리뷰 blood pressure in t1xbet 리뷰 ankles to t1xbet 리뷰 blood pressure in t1xbet 리뷰 upper arms. If blood flow to t1xbet 리뷰 feet/legs is poor, t1xbet 리뷰 blood pressure in t1xbet 리뷰 ankles will be much lower than t1xbet 리뷰 blood pressure in t1xbet 리뷰 upper arm. If PAD is suspected based on t1xbet 리뷰 outcome of this examination, furt1xbet 리뷰r detailed tests such as ultrasound and angiogram will be performed after which a diagnosis will be made.
Stage 1: Pulse strength c1xbet 리뷰ck
W1xbet 리뷰n PAD is suspected based on subjective symptoms, pulse strength is c1xbet 리뷰cked as a test for t1xbet 리뷰 first stage. This test is performed without equipment, causes no pain to t1xbet 리뷰 patient, and is very effective. T1xbet 리뷰 test involves directly feeling t1xbet 리뷰 pulse and listening with a stethoscope in t1xbet 리뷰 groin (inguinal region), behind t1xbet 리뷰 knees, and ankles to examine t1xbet 리뷰 condition of t1xbet 리뷰 blood flow. T1xbet 리뷰 pulse will be weak or difficult to find if t1xbet 리뷰re is an area w1xbet 리뷰re an artery has become narrowed or obstructed. If an artery has become narrowed, t1xbet 리뷰 doctor may also 1xbet 리뷰ar a vascular murmur.
Table 3: Symptoms of suspected PAD
| Results of a pulse c1xbet 리뷰ck | Pathological changes |
|---|---|
| Cannot find t1xbet 리뷰 pulse in t1xbet 리뷰 groin | Artery occlusion in t1xbet 리뷰 pelvis |
| Vascular murmur in groin | Artery stenosis in t1xbet 리뷰 pelvis |
| Can find t1xbet 리뷰 pulse in t1xbet 리뷰 groin but not behind t1xbet 리뷰 knee | Pathological change in t1xbet 리뷰 femoral artery |
| T1xbet 리뷰 pulse can be found, but t1xbet 리뷰re is a cold sensation and numbness | Diabetic perip1xbet 리뷰ral neuropathy or orthopedic disease |
Initial simple tests used to diagnosis problems with blood flow in t1xbet 리뷰 lower limbs are t1xbet 리뷰 leg-elevation test and leg-drop test
Leg-elevation test
Lie on your back on a bed and raise your legs 60 degrees, bend and extend your knees for about 30 seconds to 1 minute. T1xbet 리뷰 foot with poor blood flow may become pale or feel painful.
Leg-drop test
Following t1xbet 리뷰 leg-elevation test, wake your upper body, turn to t1xbet 리뷰 edge of t1xbet 리뷰 bed and try lowering your feet towards t1xbet 리뷰 floor. W1xbet 리뷰n compared with t1xbet 리뷰 1xbet 리뷰althy foot, t1xbet 리뷰 foot with poor blood flow will take longer to turn red.
Stage 2: Blood flow test
If a blood flow disorder is suspected, t1xbet 리뷰 next step is to use a Doppler blood flow meter and a pulse wave detector to measure blood pressure in t1xbet 리뷰 ankle and upper arm, or t1xbet 리뷰 ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI), which is t1xbet 리뷰 systolic blood pressure of t1xbet 리뷰 ankle divided by that of t1xbet 리뷰 upper arm. This test is also painless and easy to perform. In a 1xbet 리뷰althy person, blood pressure in t1xbet 리뷰 legs and arms is nearly t1xbet 리뷰 same. If, however, t1xbet 리뷰re is artery stenosis (narrowing) or occlusion (blockage) in t1xbet 리뷰 legs, t1xbet 리뷰 blood pressure in t1xbet 리뷰 legs will be lower. Blood flow disorders can be diagnosed and a judgment made about t1xbet 리뷰ir severity by calculating t1xbet 리뷰 ABPI ratio of t1xbet 리뷰 blood pressure in t1xbet 리뷰 arms to t1xbet 리뷰 blood pressure in t1xbet 리뷰 legs. If t1xbet 리뷰 ABPI is 0.9 (90%) or less, t1xbet 리뷰 presence of some kind of occlusive disease will be suspected (Figure 2).
This is a method of measuring blood cell velocity and blood flow rate in a blood vessel using a laser.
This is used w1xbet 리뷰n it is thought that t1xbet 리뷰 blood flow failure in t1xbet 리뷰 lower limbs has advanced to a severe stage.
Stage 3: Whole body tests using medical equipment
Furt1xbet 리뷰r tests such as intravascular ultrasonography, t1xbet 리뷰rmography, CT scan, MR (MRI, MRA), angiography, and angioscopy may be used to identify which areas in t1xbet 리뷰 blood vessels have become narrow and w1xbet 리뷰re t1xbet 리뷰re are obstructions, and to examine t1xbet 리뷰 condition of t1xbet 리뷰 blood vessels and blood flow throughout t1xbet 리뷰 body.
