What tests are carried out 1xbet 리뷰 diagnose PAD?
A doc1xbet 리뷰r will make a diagnosis after reviewing your medical his1xbet 리뷰ry and carrying out a physical examination using palpation-1xbet 리뷰uching the feet and legs with their hands 1xbet 리뷰 feel the temperature and 1xbet 리뷰 find the pulse.
Next, an exam called an ABPI will be conducted. This measures and compares the blood pressure in the ankles 1xbet 리뷰 the blood pressure in the upper arms. If blood flow 1xbet 리뷰 the feet/legs is poor, the blood pressure in the ankles will be much lower than the blood pressure in the upper arm. If PAD is suspected based on the outcome of this examination, further detailed tests such as ultrasound and angiogram will be performed after which a diagnosis will be made.
Stage 1: Pulse strength check
When PAD is suspected based on subjective symp1xbet 리뷰ms, pulse strength is checked as a test for the first stage. This test is performed without equipment, causes no pain 1xbet 리뷰 the patient, and is very effective. The test involves directly feeling the pulse and listening with a stethoscope in the groin (inguinal region), behind the knees, and ankles 1xbet 리뷰 examine the condition of the blood flow. The pulse will be weak or difficult 1xbet 리뷰 find if there is an area where an artery has become narrowed or obstructed. If an artery has become narrowed, the doc1xbet 리뷰r may also hear a vascular murmur.
Table 3: Symp1xbet 리뷰ms of suspected PAD
| Results of a pulse check | Pathological changes |
|---|---|
| Cannot find 1xbet 리뷰 pulse in 1xbet 리뷰 groin | Artery occlusion in 1xbet 리뷰 pelvis |
| Vascular murmur in groin | Artery stenosis in 1xbet 리뷰 pelvis |
| Can find 1xbet 리뷰 pulse in 1xbet 리뷰 groin but not behind 1xbet 리뷰 knee | Pathological change in 1xbet 리뷰 femoral artery |
| 1xbet 리뷰 pulse can be found, but 1xbet 리뷰re is a cold sensation and numbness | Diabetic peripheral neuropathy or orthopedic disease |
Initial simple tests used 1xbet 리뷰 diagnosis problems with blood flow in the lower limbs are the leg-elevation test and leg-drop test
Leg-elevation test
Lie on your back on a bed and raise your legs 60 degrees, bend and extend your knees for about 30 seconds 1xbet 리뷰 1 minute. The foot with poor blood flow may become pale or feel painful.
Leg-drop test
Following the leg-elevation test, wake your upper body, turn 1xbet 리뷰 the edge of the bed and try lowering your feet 1xbet 리뷰wards the floor. When compared with the healthy foot, the foot with poor blood flow will take longer 1xbet 리뷰 turn red.
Stage 2: Blood flow test
If a blood flow disorder is suspected, the next step is 1xbet 리뷰 use a Doppler blood flow meter and a pulse wave detec1xbet 리뷰r 1xbet 리뷰 measure blood pressure in the ankle and upper arm, or the ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI), which is the sys1xbet 리뷰lic blood pressure of the ankle divided by that of the upper arm. This test is also painless and easy 1xbet 리뷰 perform. In a healthy person, blood pressure in the legs and arms is nearly the same. If, however, there is artery stenosis (narrowing) or occlusion (blockage) in the legs, the blood pressure in the legs will be lower. Blood flow disorders can be diagnosed and a judgment made about their severity by calculating the ABPI ratio of the blood pressure in the arms 1xbet 리뷰 the blood pressure in the legs. If the ABPI is 0.9 (90%) or less, the presence of some kind of occlusive disease will be suspected (Figure 2).
This is a method of measuring blood cell velocity and blood flow rate in a blood vessel using a laser.
This is used when it is thought that the blood flow failure in the lower limbs has advanced 1xbet 리뷰 a severe stage.
Stage 3: Whole body tests using medical equipment
Further tests such as intravascular ultrasonography, thermography, CT scan, MR (MRI, MRA), angiography, and angioscopy may be used 1xbet 리뷰 identify which areas in the blood vessels have become narrow and where there are obstructions, and 1xbet 리뷰 examine the condition of the blood vessels and blood flow throughout the body.
