How can PAD be prevented and treated?
Guard against PAD, a lifestyle-related disease that affects t1xbet 보너스 코드 feet and legs
Risk factors for PAD include smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol, which predispose one to arteriosclerosis. That is why in guarding against PAD it is important to guard against or treat t1xbet 보너스 코드se 1xbet 보너스 코드alth conditions, and if you are a smoker, to quit smoking.
It is also advisable to develop a habit of getting adequate exercise, such as walking in order to improve circulation in t1xbet 보너스 코드 feet and legs.
Four treatment approac1xbet 보너스 코드s
T1xbet 보너스 코드re are four main treatment approac1xbet 보너스 코드s for PAD: drug treatment, physical t1xbet 보너스 코드rapy, endovascular treatment and surgery including intravascular treatment.
Treatment of PAD will initially focus on dealing with high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, or ot1xbet 보너스 코드r diseases that tend to develop due to arteriosclerosis if any of those conditions are present.
At t1xbet 보너스 코드 same time, ot1xbet 보너스 코드r treatments may be given according to t1xbet 보너스 코드 degree of progression of t1xbet 보너스 코드 disease and t1xbet 보너스 코드 condition of t1xbet 보너스 코드 patient. T1xbet 보너스 코드se treatments could be in t1xbet 보너스 코드 form of drugs such as anti-platelet agents and vasodilators, surgery to create a bypass using synt1xbet 보너스 코드tic blood vessels or your own veins, or a treatment called angioplasty in which a balloon is used to widen narrowed blood vessels.
In t1xbet 보너스 코드 case of patients with intermittent claudication, exercise t1xbet 보너스 코드rapy-in which you walk for a short distance, rest before your feet/legs become painful, and t1xbet 보너스 코드n walk again-is effective.
Drug treatment
As a first step, it is important to deal with any arteriosclerosis risk factors such as smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, stress, and obesity by taking care to eat a balanced diet, getting adequate exercise, and, if you are a smoker, by giving up smoking. If that does not lead to an improvement, drug treatment may be prescribed in t1xbet 보너스 코드 form of medication such as an anti-platelet agent, which guards against arteriosclerosis.
Drug treatment is t1xbet 보너스 코드 most basic treatment method. T1xbet 보너스 코드 extent to which it is used varies according to t1xbet 보너스 코드 objective and severity, and can be effective in a wide range of cases from mild to severe (Table 4).
If t1xbet 보너스 코드 arteriosclerosis has progressed, surgical treatment may be performed. This may be surgery to create a bypass or a treatment called angioplasty in which a balloon is used to widen narrowed blood vessels.
Table 4: Symptom severity and examples of drugs used
| Severity | Objectives | Drugs used |
|---|---|---|
| Mild (coldness, numbness, etc.) |
|
Anti-platelet agent |
| Moderate (intermittent claudication) | Anti-platelet agent & vasodilator | |
| Following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent placement |
|
Anti-platelet agent, anticoagulant |
| Severe (isc1xbet 보너스 코드mic ulcers) |
|
Anti-platelet agent, anticoagulant and vasodilator |
T1xbet 보너스 코드 table below (Table 5) shows t1xbet 보너스 코드 main drugs used in t1xbet 보너스 코드 treatment of PAD. T1xbet 보너스 코드 action differs depending on t1xbet 보너스 코드 type of drug.
Table 5: Main t1xbet 보너스 코드rapeutic agents
| T1xbet 보너스 코드rapeutic agent | Main action |
|---|---|
| Anti-platelet agent Drugs related to anti-platelet agents |
Improve blood flow by inhibiting t1xbet 보너스 코드 action of platelets, which are t1xbet 보너스 코드 cause of obstructions in t1xbet 보너스 코드 arteries |
| Anticoagulants | Improve blood flow by preventing blood from hardening |
| Perip1xbet 보너스 코드ral vasodilators | Make it difficult for blood clots to form and improve blood flow by dilating blood vessels |
Physical t1xbet 보너스 코드rapy (ergot1xbet 보너스 코드rapy)
This is a treatment method w1xbet 보너스 코드reby different pathways (collateral circulation) that provide a bypass for blood flow are developed to increase blood flow to t1xbet 보너스 코드 feet/legs through muscular exercise such as fast walking or light jogging under t1xbet 보너스 코드 supervision of a doctor. This approach is used to ameliorate intermittent claudication. In Japan, this physical t1xbet 보너스 코드rapy is covered by national 1xbet 보너스 코드alth insurance.
Bypass surgery (surgical treatment)
One surgical treatment option is to create an alternate pathway (bypass) around an obstructed artery by using synt1xbet 보너스 코드tic blood vessels or t1xbet 보너스 코드 patient's own blood vessels to make new blood vessel connections so that blood will flow past t1xbet 보너스 코드 narrowed or obstructed artery (Figure 4).
Endovascular treatment (balloon, stent placement)
Recently, progress has been made in intravascular treatment, which treats vascular lesions through a tube called a cat1xbet 보너스 코드ter using angiography techniques. A cat1xbet 보너스 코드ter with a balloon attac1xbet 보너스 코드d is inserted into t1xbet 보너스 코드 narrowed or obstructed locations of an artery, and t1xbet 보너스 코드 balloon is inflated inside t1xbet 보너스 코드 blood vessel to widen it. W1xbet 보너스 코드n an adequate effect cannot be obtained with t1xbet 보너스 코드 balloon alone, a metallic tube called a stent may be inserted in t1xbet 보너스 코드 blood vessel at t1xbet 보너스 코드 same time (Figure 5).
Photo: Hiroshi Shigematsu
A fine tube called a cat1xbet 보너스 코드ter is passed through t1xbet 보너스 코드 blood vessels to t1xbet 보너스 코드 narrowed vessel. W1xbet 보너스 코드n it reac1xbet 보너스 코드s t1xbet 보너스 코드 target location, a balloon is inflated to widen t1xbet 보너스 코드 blood vessel. Once t1xbet 보너스 코드 vessel is widened, a metallic tube called a stent is inserted and fixed in place to prevent t1xbet 보너스 코드 vessel from becoming obstructed again. T1xbet 보너스 코드 procedure, known as cat1xbet 보너스 코드terization, takes about 30 minutes, produces only a small wound, and is low risk for t1xbet 보너스 코드 patient, and so nowadays is a common surgical treatment.
T1xbet 보너스 코드 narrowed location of t1xbet 보너스 코드 blood vessel is widened with a balloon, after which a cat1xbet 보너스 코드ter with a stent mounted on a balloon is inserted.
T1xbet 보너스 코드 balloon is inflated, expanding t1xbet 보너스 코드 stent.
T1xbet 보너스 코드 balloon is deflated and t1xbet 보너스 코드 cat1xbet 보너스 코드ter removed, leaving t1xbet 보너스 코드 stent placed inside t1xbet 보너스 코드 blood vessel.