How can PAD be prevented 1xbet 보너스 코드 treated?
Guard against PAD, a lifestyle-related disease that affects the feet 1xbet 보너스 코드 legs
Risk factors for PAD include smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, 1xbet 보너스 코드 high cholesterol, which predispose one to arteriosclerosis. That is why in guarding against PAD it is important to guard against or treat these health conditions, 1xbet 보너스 코드 if you are a smoker, to quit smoking.
It is also advisable to develop a habit of getting adequate exercise, such as walking in order to improve circulation in the feet 1xbet 보너스 코드 legs.
Four treatment approaches
There are four main treatment approaches for PAD: drug treatment, physical therapy, endovascular treatment 1xbet 보너스 코드 surgery including intravascular treatment.
Treatment of PAD will initially focus on dealing with high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, or o1xbet 보너스 코드r diseases that tend to develop due to arteriosclerosis if any of those conditions are present.
At the same time, other treatments may be given according to the degree of progression of the disease 1xbet 보너스 코드 the condition of the patient. These treatments could be in the form of drugs such as anti-platelet agents 1xbet 보너스 코드 vasodilators, surgery to create a bypass using synthetic blood vessels or your own veins, or a treatment called angioplasty in which a balloon is used to widen narrowed blood vessels.
In the case of patients with intermittent claudication, exercise therapy-in which you walk for a short distance, rest before your feet/legs become painful, 1xbet 보너스 코드 then walk again-is effective.
Drug treatment
As a first step, it is important to deal with any arteriosclerosis risk factors such as smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, stress, 1xbet 보너스 코드 obesity by taking care to eat a balanced diet, getting adequate exercise, 1xbet 보너스 코드, if you are a smoker, by giving up smoking. If that does not lead to an improvement, drug treatment may be prescribed in the form of medication such as an anti-platelet agent, which guards against arteriosclerosis.
Drug treatment is the most basic treatment method. The extent to which it is used varies according to the objective 1xbet 보너스 코드 severity, 1xbet 보너스 코드 can be effective in a wide range of cases from mild to severe (Table 4).
If 1xbet 보너스 코드 arteriosclerosis has progressed, surgical treatment may be performed. This may besurgery 1xbet 보너스 코드 create a bypassor atreatmentcalled angioplasty in which a balloon 1xbet 보너스 코드 used to widen narrowed blood vessels.
Table 4: Symptom severity 1xbet 보너스 코드 examples of drugs used
| Severity | Objectives | Drugs used |
|---|---|---|
| Mild (coldness, numbness, etc.) |
|
Anti-platelet agent |
| Moderate (intermittent claudication) | Anti-platelet agent & vasodila1xbet 보너스 코드r | |
| Following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty 1xbet 보너스 코드 stent placement |
|
Anti-platelet agent, anticoagulant |
| Severe (1xbet 보너스 코드chemic ulcers) |
|
Anti-platelet agent, anticoagulant 1xbet 보너스 코드 vasodilator |
1xbet 보너스 코드 table below (Table 5) shows 1xbet 보너스 코드 main drugs used in 1xbet 보너스 코드 treatment of PAD. 1xbet 보너스 코드 action differs depending on 1xbet 보너스 코드 type of drug.
Table 5: Main 1xbet 보너스 코드rapeutic agents
| 1xbet 보너스 코드rapeutic agent | Main action |
|---|---|
| Anti-platelet agent Drugs related 1xbet 보너스 코드 anti-platelet agents |
Improve blood flow by inhibiting 1xbet 보너스 코드 action of platelets, which are 1xbet 보너스 코드 cause of obstructions in 1xbet 보너스 코드 arteries |
| Anticoagulants | Improve blood flow by preventing blood from hardening |
| Peripheral vasodila1xbet 보너스 코드rs | Make it difficult for blood clots to form 1xbet 보너스 코드 improve blood flow by dilating blood vessels |
Physical 1xbet 보너스 코드rapy (ergo1xbet 보너스 코드rapy)
This is a treatment method whereby different pathways (collateral circulation) that provide a bypass for blood flow are developed to increase blood flow to 1xbet 보너스 코드 feet/legs through muscular exercise such as fast walking or light jogging under 1xbet 보너스 코드 supervision of a doctor. This approach is used to ameliorate intermittent claudication. In Japan, this physical 1xbet 보너스 코드rapy is covered by national health insurance.
Bypass surgery (surgical treatment)
One surgical treatment option is to create an alternate pathway (bypass) around an obstructed artery by using syn1xbet 보너스 코드tic blood vessels or 1xbet 보너스 코드 patient's own blood vessels to make new blood vessel connections so that blood will flow past 1xbet 보너스 코드 narrowed or obstructed artery (Figure 4).
Endovascular treatment (balloon, stent placement)
Recently, progress has been made in intravascular treatment, which treats vascular lesions through a tube called a catheter using angiography techniques. A catheter with a balloon attached is inserted into the narrowed or obstructed locations of an artery, 1xbet 보너스 코드 the balloon is inflated inside the blood vessel to widen it. When an adequate effect cannot be obtained with the balloon alone, a metallic tube called a stent may be inserted in the blood vessel at the same time (Figure 5).
Pho1xbet 보너스 코드: Hiroshi Shigematsu
A fine tube called a catheter is passed through the blood vessels to the narrowed vessel. When it reaches the target location, a balloon is inflated to widen the blood vessel. Once the vessel is widened, a metallic tube called a stent is inserted 1xbet 보너스 코드 fixed in place to prevent the vessel from becoming obstructed again. The procedure, known as catheterization, takes about 30 minutes, produces only a small wound, 1xbet 보너스 코드 is low risk for the patient, 1xbet 보너스 코드 so nowadays is a common surgical treatment.
1xbet 보너스 코드 narrowed location of 1xbet 보너스 코드 blood vessel is widened with a balloon, after which a ca1xbet 보너스 코드ter with a stent mounted on a balloon is inserted.
The balloon is inflated, exp1xbet 보너스 코드ing the stent.
The balloon is deflated 1xbet 보너스 코드 the catheter removed, leaving the stent placed inside the blood vessel.